Journal articles: 'Washington University (Saint Louis, Missouri)' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Since the founding of the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) in 1859, the emphasis on research and the distribution of research findings in botany has been, and will remain, one of the central components of the garden’s mission. Likewise, Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), the MBG’s partner in graduate programs since 1885, has had a continuous and similarly strong emphasis on research and the dissemination of research findings in plant science through publications. Since the beginning of this partnership, the ongoing extension of common research themes has been critical, through the early focus on traditional botanical studies (1885–1930) at the MBG, the move toward a focus on physiology and the emerging field of ecology (1930–1960), and eventually the shift to the study of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genomic studies in plant science (1960–present), primarily at WUSTL. For more than 135 years (1885–2020), this St. Louis–based collaboration has had a prominent place in the region’s rich history in plant science. In recent years, collaboration with and contributions from other St. Louis–area degree-granting institutions in the field (such as Saint Louis University [SLU] and the University of Missouri–St. Louis [UMSL]) have steadily increased. Couple this with the addition of the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (Danforth Center) in 2000, which, like the MBG, has undertaken research and training in plant science, and you now have impressive depth and diversity within St. Louis’s plant science offerings. As a result, both organizations train students and carry out peer-reviewed research funded by the same agencies (i.e., National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Agriculture) as the region’s degree-granting institutions. Every year, a significant number of master’s degree and Ph.D. graduates in this consortium comprise an impressive pool of talent available for postdoctoral training, research, and teaching positions, as well as employment in government entities and private and public life science corporations. To this end, St. Louis has one of the largest concentrations of plant science Ph.D.’s in the world (with more than 1,000 such individuals residing in the region [BioSTL, 2018]), as well as a broad diversity of disciplines represented. In addition, the faculties at both the Danforth Center and MBG frequently serve as adjunct members of university departments and as advisors to graduate students, and greatly increase the breadth of topics offered in the St. Louis plant science community, particularly in areas not directly supported by the universities. Both organizations contribute to an increasingly important part of this ecosystem. Below is a short history of the relationship between the MBG and WUSTL, and how this collaboration, primarily through graduate research education, has been foundational for the St. Louis area’s impressive plant science ecosystem. This is not a detailed review of the science generated by these organizations, but rather an account of the initial events and leaders that led to the region becoming the present-day hub for plant science.

Abstract:

Abstract The Saint Louis University GWEP partners with a rural Missouri critical access hospital and an urban Federally Qualified Health Center to support their transformations into an Age-Friendly Health System in their community. With an emphasis on the 4Ms, programmatic innovations include development and training of: 1) electronic health records integration of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (RGA) for patients 65+ years old; 2) RGA-based protocol for Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (MAWV); 3) Interprofessional health care team approach; 4) Evidence-based or Evidence-Informed treatment interventions, including Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), exercise and strengthening program, caregiver support, and Circle of Friends, an intervention for loneliness and social isolation. Outcomes will be presented which suggest increased assessment practices and improvement in functional and cognitive status. Successes and lessons learned regarding strategies to develop an Age-Friendly Health System in two different primary care settings will be discussed.

Abstract:

As part of the seismic hazard–mapping efforts in the St. Louis metropolitan area we determined the compressional and shear-wave velocities (Vp and Vs) to about a 40-m depth at 17 locations in this area. The Vs measurements were made using high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection methods. We find a clear difference in the Vs profiles between sites located on the river floodplains and those located in the upland urban areas of St. Louis. Vs30 (average Vs to 30-m depth) values in floodplain areas range from 200 to 290 m/s (NEHRP category D) and contrast with sites on the upland areas of St. Louis, which have Vs30 values ranging from 410 to 785 m/s (NEHRP categories C and B). The lower Vs30 values and earthquake recordings in the floodplains suggest a greater potential for stronger and more prolonged ground shaking in an earthquake. Spectral analysis of a M3.6 earthquake recorded on the St. Louis–area ANSS seismograph network indicates stronger shaking and potentially damaging S-wave resonant frequencies at NEHRP category D sites compared to ground motions at a rock site located on the Saint Louis University campus.

Abstract:

For many years we and other colleagues in the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri have been concerned with the need to develop widely accepted, valid diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. The aim has been to identify patient groups as hom*ogeneous as possible. Diagnostic criteria, such as those used in this study, were therefore developed with the goal of maximising specificity (i.e. reducing false positives) while keeping sensitivity as high as possible (i.e. keeping false negatives low).

Abstract:

Purpose. Coalitions can be a successful way to promote healthy initiatives throughout a community. To properly measure the success of coalition-based interventions, it is important to conduct a process evaluation of coalition activities and establish a system for evaluating outcomes. This article describes a process evaluation of a monitoring and feedback system for community coalitions targeting chronic disease risk reduction. Methods. Community coalitions in six rural, southeast Missouri counties collaborated with the Missouri Department of Health and Saint Louis University to track coalition events using the process described in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention manual Evaluating Community Efforts to Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases. Summary. First, we describe the methodology used to monitor monthly activities and to evaluate satisfaction with the process. Next, we discuss the data that resulted from the monitoring system and interviews with recorders. Third, we discuss changes made to the monitoring system and lessons learned along the way. Finally, we end with recommendations for incorporating this monitoring system in community practice. Conclusions. When used properly, this system is an effective way of evaluating and promoting sustainability of community interventions.

Abstract:

March 26–27, 2004, in St. Louis, Missouri, the Washington University School of Law's Whitney R. Harris Institute for Global Legal Studies and the School of Art hosted the Imperialism, Art and Restitution Conference. The conference brought together many of the world's leading experts on art and antiquities law, museum policy, and the larger cultural context surrounding these fields. The conference organizers chose several particularly controversial case studies to generate debate and discussion around the issues of whether Western states and their museums should return major works of art and antiquities, acquired during the Age of Imperialism, to the countries of origin. The case studies included the Elgin/Parthenon Marbles, the Bust of Nefertiti, and objects protected by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). The format produced a lively, interdisciplinary, and sometimes passionate debate that helped crystallize issues and expose complexities but certainly produced no consensus around a simple solution of return or retain.

Abstract:

Rafaela Dancygier, Dilemmas of Inclusion: Muslims in European Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Hilary Silver, Sociology, George Washington University Thomas Großbölting, Losing Heaven: Religion in Germany since 1945; translated by Alex Skinner (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017. Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Hans Vorländer, Maik Herold, and Steven Schäller, PEGIDA and New Right-Wing Populism In Germany (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Reviewed by Joyce Mushaben, Political Science, University of Missouri St. Louis Kara L. Ritzheimer, “Trash,” Censorship, and National Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) Reviewed by Ambika Natarajan, History, Philosophy, and Religion, Oregon State University Anna Saunders, Memorializing the GDR: Monuments and Memory After 1989 (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018) Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Languages, Indiana University South Bend Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent and William E. Paterson, eds., The European Union in Crisis (London: Palgrave, 2017) Reviewed by Helge F. Jani, Hamburg, Germany Noah Benezra Strote, Lions and Lambs: Conflict in Weimar and the Creation of Post-Nazi Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017). Reviewed by Darren O’Byrne, History, University of Cambridge Chunjie Zhang, Transculturality and German Discourse in the Age of European Colonialism (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017) Reviewed by Christopher Thomas Goodwin, History, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Marcel Fratzscher, The Germany Illusion: Between Economic Euphoria and Despair (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). Reviewed by Stephen J. Silvia, International Relations, American University

Abstract:

No Brasil, a produção científica é majoritariamente realizada pela pós-graduação. A internacionalização enquanto quarto pilar da universidade incentiva a cooperação internacional e programas para alunos passarem um período realizando estágio no exterior. O presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo relatar um estágio de doutorado realizado na Washington University in Saint Louis, focando nas atividades de pesquisa, ensino e extensão. Como método, foi utilizada a análise descritiva da experiência no período de março a agosto de 2017. Como resultado, observou-se: mais oportunidades de discussão da pesquisa de forma interdisciplinar, quantidade de recursos investidos para pesquisa e a dinâmica entre Professores Titulares e as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Espera-se que o presente relato possa esclarecer e incentivar mais pesquisadores brasileiros a participarem deste tipo de programa de estágio no exterior que possibilita tanto a vivência e aprendizado cultural quanto o crescimento acadêmico, bem como incentivar a adoção de práticas similares em nossas Universidades.

Abstract:

Abstract Background HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective but underutilized in the United States. The emergency department offers an opportunity to access at-risk individuals for PrEP referral. While several studies have described provider awareness and acceptance of PrEP, these studies have focused largely on infectious diseases, HIV, and primary care specialty physicians. Thus, PrEP awareness, knowledge, and concerns among emergency physicians remain unknown. We sought to determine provider comfort in discussing PrEP with patients among emergency physicians in Missouri. Methods We conducted an online survey among 88 emergency physicians at Washington University in St. Louis from February 2017 to March 2017 in St. Louis, Missouri. The survey included demographics, comfort discussing PrEP, having ever heard of PrEP (awareness), knowledge of the current CDC prescribing guidelines, concerns with use, and knowing local PrEP referral information. The questions were asked on a Likert scale and dichotomously categorized. We evaluated predictors of physician comfort of discussing PrEP with patients using multiple logistic regression. Results Sixty-seven participants completed the survey; 64.1% were faculty. Most (79.1%) were PrEP aware, however, only 23.9% were knowledgeable of current guidelines and 22.7% of referral information. Concerns included lack of efficacy (53.7%), side effects (89.6%), and the selection for HIV resistance (70.1%). Comfort discussing PrEP was 43.3%. When adjusting for the concern of efficacy, having PrEP knowledge (OR: 5.43; CI: 1.19–30.81) and having referral knowledge (OR: 7.82; CI: 1.93–40.98) were significantly associated with comfort in discussing PrEP. Conclusion We found moderate PrEP awareness among emergency physicians, but also high levels of discomfort in discussing PrEP with their patients. Future provider training should include addressing misinformation surrounding the concerns with PrEP use and prescribing, reviewing current guidelines, and providing local referral resources for PrEP patient care. Emergency department settings can facilitate PrEP awareness and referral to care among at-risk patients to help reduce national HIV incidence. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Abstract:

Abstract The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the world's largest general science membership society, is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of advancing science, engineering and innovation for the benefit of all people, communicating science broadly, defending scientific freedom, providing a voice for science on societal issues, strengthening and diversifying the science and technology workforce, and advancing international cooperation in science. Founded in 1848, AAAS today has individual members from around 100 countries, and is the publisher of the Science family of journals, including the open-access journal Science Advances. NSR talks to Barbara Schaal—an evolutionary biologist at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, 2017 President of AAAS, former Vice President of the US National Academy of Sciences, and a former advisor of the President's Council of Advisors in Science and Technology under the Obama administration—and also to Bill Moran, the publisher of Science, about why science is a global public good, how basic science is the engine of economic growth and prosperity, the importance of social science, and why the need to defend the free flow of ideas and people across national boundaries is urgent.

Abstract:

IntroductionFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major contributor to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality with intrauterine, neonatal and lifelong complications. This study explores maternal obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) as a potentially modifiable risk factor for FGR. We hypothesise that, in pregnancies complicated by FGR, treating mothers who have OSA using positive airway pressure (PAP) will improve birth weight and neonatal outcomes.Methods and analysisThe Sleep Apnea and Fetal Growth Restriction study is a prospective, block-randomised, single-blinded, multicentre, pragmatic controlled trial. We enrol pregnant women aged 18–50, between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation, with established FGR based on second trimester ultrasound, who do not have other prespecified known causes of FGR (such as congenital anomalies or intrauterine infection). In stage 1, participants are screened by questionnaire for OSA risk. If OSA risk is identified, participants proceed to stage 2, where they undergo home sleep apnoea testing. Participants are determined to have OSA if they have an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥5 (if the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) is also ≥5) or if they have an AHI ≥10 (even if the ODI is <5). These participants proceed to stage 3, where they are randomised to nightly treatment with PAP or no PAP (standard care control), which is maintained until delivery. The primary outcome is unadjusted birth weight; secondary outcomes include fetal growth velocity on ultrasound, enrolment-to-delivery interval, gestational age at delivery, birth weight corrected for gestational age, stillbirth, Apgar score, rate of admission to higher levels of care (neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery) and length of neonatal stay. These outcomes are compared between PAP and control using intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; and the University of Rochester, New York. Recruitment began in Washington University in November 2019 but stopped from March to November 2020 due to COVID-19. Recruitment began in Hadassah Hebrew University in March 2021, and in the University of Rochester in May 2021. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences and scientific publications.Trial registration numberNCT04084990.

Abstract:

Abstract With the rise of older adults and the number of chronic health issues in this population, comes the need for greater collaboration across organizations and health care settings. Age-friendly health systems offer the benefits of providing the best care possible to individuals and families, connect people to specific community resources, and optimize the best access to services and programs. The Gateway Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) has combined the efforts of Saint Louis University and a rural, critical access hospital to establish a care network across Missouri. Together, this partnership has created a number of services, initiatives, and projects to help older adults maintain independence and offer families ways to take of their loved ones in more effective ways. In this symposium, presenters from Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy, Geriatric Medicine, Psychology and Nursing disciplines will introduce several areas of this age-friendly network. The four abstracts for this symposium include: 1.) Assessing At-Risk Older Adults through the Rapid Geriatric Assessment, 2.) Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Individuals with Memory Loss, 3.) Predictors of Falls in Older Adults Across Partner Settings, and 4.) Development of program initiatives such as the Rapid Geriatric Assessment screening, Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, Falls Assessment in Seniors, and Care for Persons with Dementia in their Environments will be covered in detail. At the end of the four presentations, the presenters will highlight the importance of this collaborative network and ways for audience members to consider building an age-friendly network in their community.

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives 1) Define a nutrition screening protocol for transgender and nonbinary youth and adolescents, and 2) Identify the prevalence of disordered eating and food insecurity in transgender and nonbinary patients using multiple validated measures at a Midwestern transgender center. Methods Return patients at the Washington University in St. Louis Transgender Center at Children's Hospital were screened for disordered eating and food insecurity from 9/2019–12/2019. The screener included five sections: 1) Yes/no question regarding previous diagnosis of an eating disorder; 2) SCOFF Questionnaire; 3) Nine-Item Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS); 4) Adolescent Binge Eating Disorder Questionnaire (ADO-BED); 5) Hunger Vital Sign. The completed screeners were collected weekly and scored by a registered dietitian. Positive screens for disordered eating and food insecurity were referred to adolescent medicine and case management, respectively. Results A total of 159 transgender and nonbinary adolescents and young adults completed the screener. Two major findings emerged: 1) Food insecurity was a potential concern for one in five patients. Of the n = 159 patients that completed the screener, n = 32 (20%) screened positive for food insecurity on the Hunger Vital Sign. Food insecurity and disordered eating were not mutually exclusive; over half (56%) of the patients that screened positive for food insecurity also screened positive on at least one disordered eating measure. 2) Disordered eating was a potential concern for the majority of patients. Of the 159 patients that completed the screener, n = 115 (72%) screened positive for disordered eating. Conclusions Disordered eating and food insecurity are prominent nutrition-related concerns for transgender and nonbinary adolescents and young adults. Providers working with this population may utilize a screening and referral protocol to address patient needs that may be otherwise unmet. Funding Sources This project was supported by a workload release awarded to the primary investigator through the Doisy College of Health Sciences at Saint Louis University.

Abstract:

Background Persistent postoperative cognitive decline is thought to be a public health problem, but its severity may have been overestimated because of limitations in statistical methodology. This study assessed whether long-term cognitive decline occurred after surgery or illness by using an innovative approach and including participants with early Alzheimer disease to overcome some limitations. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, three groups were identified from participants tested annually at the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center in St. Louis, Missouri: those with noncardiac surgery, illness, or neither. This enabled long-term tracking of cognitive function before and after surgery and illness. The effect of surgery and illness on longitudinal cognitive course was analyzed using a general linear mixed effects model. For participants without initial dementia, time to dementia onset was analyzed using sequential Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Of the 575 participants, 214 were nondemented and 361 had very mild or mild dementia at enrollment. Cognitive trajectories did not differ among the three groups (surgery, illness, control), although demented participants declined more markedly than nondemented participants. Of the initially nondemented participants, 23% progressed to a clinical dementia rating greater than zero, but this was not more common after surgery or illness. Conclusions The study did not detect long-term cognitive decline independently attributable to surgery or illness, nor were these events associated with accelerated progression to dementia. The decision to proceed with surgery in elderly people, including those with early Alzheimer disease, may be made without factoring in the specter of persistent cognitive deterioration.

Abstract:

Background Current data suggest that mortality after noncardiac surgery may be associated with persistent hypotension and the cumulative duration of low processed electroencephalogram-based bispectral index (BIS). This study assessed the relationships among cumulative duration of low BIS (BIS &lt; 45), intermediate-term mortality, and anesthetic dose after cardiac surgery. Methods The authors studied 460 patients (mean age, 63.0 +/- 13.1 yr; 287 men) who underwent cardiac surgery between September 2005 and October 2006 at Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri. By using multivariable Cox regression analysis, perioperative factors were evaluated for their potential association with intermediate-term all-cause mortality. Results A total of 82 patients (17.8%) died during a median follow-up of 3 yr (interquartile range, 2.7-3.3 yr). Comparing patients who died with those who survived, there was no statistically significant difference in the relationship between end-tidal anesthetic gas concentrations during the anesthetic maintenance phase and the BIS. Cumulative duration of low BIS was independently associated with intermediate-term mortality. The 1.29 adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI, 1.12-1.49) for intermediate-term mortality with cumulative duration of low BIS translated into a 29% increased risk of death for every cumulative hour spent with a BIS less than 45. The final multivariable Cox regression model showed a good discriminative ability (c-index of 0.78). Conclusions This study found an association between cumulative duration of low BIS and mortality in the setting of cardiac surgery. Notably, this association was independent of both volatile anesthetic concentration and duration of anesthesia, suggesting that intermediate-term mortality after cardiac surgery was not causally related to excessive anesthetic dose.

Abstract:

Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1 Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia Antonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USA Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran Ausra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, Lithuania Barbara N. Martin, University of Central Missouri, USA Carmen P. Mombourquette, University of Lethbridge, Canada Deniz Ayse Yazicioglu, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Dibakar Sarangi, Teacher Education and State Council for Educational research and Training, India Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics &ndash;Izmir/Turkey, Turkey Firouzeh Sepehrianazar, Orumieh university, Iran Geraldine N. Hill, Elizabeth City State University, USA Gerard Hoyne, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia Gregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan H&uuml;seyin Ser&ccedil;e, Sel&ccedil;uk University, Turkey Jayanti Dutta, Panjab University, India Jisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom John Walter Miller, Benedict College in Columbia, USA Laid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, Algeria Lung-Tan Lu, Fo Guang University, Taiwan, Taiwan Mehmet Ersoy, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Turkey Mei Jiun Wu, Faculty of Education, University of Macau, China Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona G&oacute;ra, Poland Nicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus Okedeyi Sakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria Philip Denton, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom Rachida Labbas, Washington State University, USA Ranjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, Australia Sahar Ahadi, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland Vasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economic and Business, Greece Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Abstract:

Abstract BACKGROUND Although endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is an established treatment for patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), data are limited regarding the rates and predictors of pituitary dysfunction and recovery in a large cohort of NFPA patients undergoing ETSS. OBJECTIVE To analyze the comprehensive changes in hormonal function and identify factors that predict recovery or worsening of hormonal axes following ETSS for NFPA. METHODS Among a cohort of 601 consecutive patients who underwent ETSS for NFPA between 2010 and 2018 at Washington University in Saint Louis, recovery or development of new hypopituitarism was retrospectively analyzed in 209 patients. RESULTS Preoperative endocrine deficits were observed in 59.8% of patients (125/209), and the deficit rates were 76.8% for male gonadal axis (86/112), 42.5% for thyroid axis, 25.8% for growth hormone axis, and 15.8% for cortisol axis. Recovery of preoperative pituitary deficit was noted in all four axes, with highest recovery in the cortisol axis with a 1-year cumulative recovery rate of 44.3%. New-onset postoperative hypopituitarism occurred most frequently in the thyroid axis (24.3%, 27/111) and least frequently in the cortisol axis (9.7%, 16/165). Multivariate analyses revealed axis-specific predictors of postoperative recovery and de novo deficiency. Older age was a negative predictor for recovery of both male hypogonadism (P= 0.04) and adrenal insufficiency (P=0.046), and a larger tumor volume was a negative predictor for recovery of hypothyroidism (P=0.043). Although higher body mass index was generally associated with any new postoperative pituitary deficit (P=0.03), most predictors of new onset deficits also differed by hormone axis. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in pituitary hormonal levels were observed in a significant fraction of patients following ETSS in NFPA patients. The specific hormonal axis dictated postoperative endocrine vulnerability, recovery, and predictors of recovery or loss of endocrine function.

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction Iron deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a common complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). High prevalence of IDA in IBD suggests suboptimal surveillance and treatment. Oral iron is poorly tolerated, associated with worsened disease activity, and often insufficient to reverse anemia in IBD patients. Intravenous (IV) iron is favored for treatment of IDA in IBD in most clinical scenarios and many guidelines recommend IV iron as first line for IBD patients. Regardless, oral iron is prescribed commonly for IDA in IBD. The objective of this study is to determine practice patterns of primary care physicians (PCP) and gastroenterologists (GI) in the management of IDA in IBD. Methods We anonymously surveyed GI and PCP attendings and trainees at Saint Louis University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, using paper self-administered instruments. We asked about practice patterns in the management of IDA in IBD patients and knowledge of IV iron. The study questionnaire was developed based on United States expert opinion consensus statements and European guideline recommendations published in the Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Results Of GI responders, 92.3% were fellows, 7.7% were attendings; of PCP responders, 81.8% were residents, 18.2% were attendings. 15.4% GIs, 12.7% PCPs were very comfortable managing IBD patients with IDA; 76.9% GIs, 58.2% PCPs were somewhat comfortable; 7.7% GIs, 29.1% PCPs were not comfortable (p=0.275). 61.5% GIs, 25.5% PCPs always check iron studies when evaluating anemic IBD patients; 30.1% GIs, 21.8% PCPs check most of the time; 7.7% GIs, 34.5% PCPs sometimes check; 0% GIs, 12.7% PCPs rarely check; 0% GIs, 5.4% PCPs never check (p =0.05). In mild Crohn’s disease with severe anemia, 15.4% GIs, 41.8% PCPs would prescribe oral iron daily; 15.4% GIs, 12.7% PCPs would prescribe oral iron every other day; 69.2% GIs, 45.5% PCPs would prescribe IV iron (p=0.58). 0% GIs reported good knowledge of IV iron, 53.8% reported acceptable knowledge, and 46.1% reported poor knowledge. 7.7% GIs, 10.9% PCPs reported good knowledge of how to order IV iron; 53.8% GIs, 7.3% PCPs reported acceptable knowledge; 38.5% GIs, 81.8% PCPs reported poor knowledge (p=0.000215). 23.1% GIs, 61.8% PCPs thought PCPs were responsible for screening for IDA in IBD patients; 76.9% GIs, 36.4% PCPs thought GIs were responsible (p= 0.0131). Discussion Both PCPs and GIs perceived responsibility to manage IDA in IBD patients. PCPs were less likely than GIs to screen for IDA in anemic IBD patients or to report adequate knowledge of clinic processes to order IV iron. Future efforts to reinforce gastroenterologists’ role in the management of IDA in IBD and to bolster familiarity with IV iron and its indications might improve outcomes and quality of life for IBD patients.

Abstract:

-Stanley L. Engerman, B.W. Higman, Slave populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1984. xxxiii + 781 pp.-Susan Lowes, Gad J. Heuman, Between black and white: race, politics, and the free coloureds in Jamaica, 1792-1865. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, Contributions in Comparative Colonial Studies No. 5, 1981. 20 + 321 pp.-Anthony Payne, Lester D. Langley, The banana wars: an inner history of American empire, 1900-1934. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. VIII + 255 pp.-Roger N. Buckley, David Geggus, Slavery, war and revolution: the British occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793-1798. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1982. xli + 492 pp.-Gabriel Debien, George Breathett, The Catholic Church in Haiti (1704-1785): selected letters, memoirs and documents. Chapel Hill NC: Documentary Publications, 1983. xii + 202 pp.-Alex Stepick, Michel S. Laguerre, American Odyssey: Haitians in New York City. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1984. 198 pp-Andres Serbin, H. Michael Erisman, The Caribbean challenge: U.S. policy in a volatile region. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1984. xiii + 208 pp.-Andres Serbin, Ransford W. Palmer, Problems of development in beautiful countries: perspectives on the Caribbean. Lanham MD: The North-South Publishing Company, 1984. xvii + 91 pp.-Carl Stone, Anthony Payne, The politics of the Caribbean community 1961-79: regional integration among new states. Oxford: Manchester University Press, 1980. xi + 299 pp.-Evelyne Huber Stephens, Michael Manley, Jamaica: struggle in the periphery. London: Third World Media, in association with Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Society, 1982. xi + 259 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, Epica Task Force, Grenada: the peaceful revolution. Washington D.C., 1982. 132 pp.-Rhoda Reddock, W. Richard Jacobs ,Grenada: the route to revolution. Havana: Casa de Las Americas, 1979. 157 pp., Ian Jacobs (eds)-Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, Andres Serbin, Geopolitica de las relaciones de Venezuela con el Caribe. Caracas: Fundación Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 1983.-Idsa E. Alegria-Ortega, Jorge Heine, Time for decision: the United States and Puerto Rico. Lanham MD: North-South Publishing Co., 1983. xi + 303 pp.-Richard Hart, Edward A. Alpers ,Walter Rodney, revolutionary and scholar: a tribute. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies and African Studies Center, University of California, 1982. xi + 187 pp., Pierre-Michel Fontaine (eds)-Paul Sutton, Patrick Solomon, Solomon: an autobiography. Trinidad: Inprint Caribbean, 1981. x + 253 pp.-Paul Sutton, Selwyn R. Cudjoe, Movement of the people: essays on independence. Ithaca NY: Calaloux Publications, 1983. xii + 217 pp.-David Barry Gaspar, Richard Price, To slay the Hydra: Dutch colonial perspectives on the Saramaka wars. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma Publishers, 1983. 249 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, R. van Lier, Bonuman: een studie van zeven religieuze specialisten in Suriname. Leiden: Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, ICA Publication no. 60, 1983. iii + 132 pp.-W. van Wetering, Charles J. Wooding, Evolving culture: a cross-cultural study of Suriname, West Africa and the Caribbean. Washington: University Press of America 1981. 343 pp.-Humphrey E. Lamur, Sergio Diaz-Briquets, The health revolution in Cuba. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. xvii + 227 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Ramesh F. Ramsaran, The monetary and financial system of the Bahamas: growth, structure and operation. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1984. xiii + 409 pp.-Wim Statius Muller, A.M.G. Rutten, Leven en werken van de dichter-musicus J.S. Corsen. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1983. xiv + 340 pp.-Louis Allaire, Ricardo E. Alegria, Ball courts and ceremonial plazas in the West Indies. New Haven: Department of Anthropology of Yale University, Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 79, 1983. lx + 185 pp.-Kenneth Ramchand, Sandra Paquet, The Novels of George Lamming. London: Heinemann, 1982. 132 pp.

Abstract:

Abstract Abstract 3142 Introduction: Advancing age is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Comorbidities increase in prevalence with age, but the impact of comorbidities on survival in patients with MM is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of comorbidities on survival in multiple myeloma. Methods: All patients (pts) with MM diagnosed and treated at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri from 1999–2010 were identified from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Oncology Data Services Database. The institution's cancer registrars retrospectively collect clinical, demographic and survival data in accordance with the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer guidelines. Comorbidities are graded as None, Mild, Moderate or Severe using the ACE-27 comorbidity index [Piccirillo et al. J Reg Mgmt 1999]. Patients without data on comorbidities were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), calculated from the date of diagnosis and censored at the time of last follow-up. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared between comorbidity groups using the Log-Rank test. The independent effects of age and comorbidities were evaluated using Cox Proportional Hazards Modeling. Results: 569 patients were identified in the database. Median age of patients was 59 years (range 33–91 years); 54.8% were male, 45.2% were female; 74.9% were white, 23.2% were black, and 1.9% were other races/ethnicities. Based on the ACE-27 comorbidity index, 181 pts (31.8%) had no comorbid medical conditions, 226 (39.7%) had mild comorbidities, 115 (20.2%) had moderate comorbidities, 47 (8.3%) had severe comorbidities. In the entire cohort, the median OS was 49.2 months [95% confidence intervals (CI) 42.9 – 55.6 months]. Survival by comorbidity category and age group are shown in table 1. The differences in survival between comorbidity groups in each age group and the entire cohort were statistically significant (log-rank p<0.001). Severe comorbidities were associated with a significantly increased risk of death after controlling for age (HR 1.97, P=0.002). Conclusion: The presence and severity of comorbidities confer a poorer prognosis in patients with MM. Further study is needed to determine to what extent comorbidities directly impact survival versus impacting therapeutic decision-making and tolerance of therapy. Disclosures: Vij: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common hematologic malignancy in blacks with more than twice the incidence of non-black populations in national registry data. Prior studies have shown that blacks present with MM at an earlier age and have improved survival compared to non-blacks, contrary to the pattern in most malignancies. These findings have been theorized due to the effects of obesity, treatment variation, and disparities in care, in addition to alternate disease biology in black patients. In order to understand possible effects of race on outcomes while adjusting for confounders not available in other national datasets such as treatment, comorbidities, and baseline laboratory characteristics, we studied outcomes in a nationwide population of United States veterans with MM in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods: Patients with MM were identified by the VHA Central Cancer Registry between September 1, 1999 and December 31, 2013 and followed through December 31, 2014. Age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), Charlson (Romano) comorbidity index, treatment (including transplant), hemoglobin (hgb), albumin, renal function (eGFR), and statin use were included. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the association between black race and overall survival at five years while controlling for known prognostic factors. The study was approved the Saint Louis VA Medical Center institutional review board. Results: 4805 patients were identified with MM, of which 1418 (29.5%) were black. Black patients were younger (66.2 years vs. 69.2, p<0.001) with increased mean comorbidity scores (3.7 vs. 3.0 p<0.001) compared to non-black patients. Black patients had lower mean BMI (27.0 years vs. 27.8, p<0.001) and higher rates of hgb <10 g/dL, 49.1% vs. 35.3%, p<0.001) and albumin below 3 g/dL (35.3% vs. 28.3% p<0.001) with similar rates of decreased renal function of eGFR <30 (22.1% vs. 21.2%, p=0.69) compared to non-black patients. Black patients underwent stem cell transplantation at similar rates (12.3% vs. 14.2%, p=0.09) and there no differences based on race in treatment with lenalidomide (35.1% vs. 36.0%, p=0.52), thalidomide (36.7% vs. 38.7%, p=0.20), or melphalan (32.7% vs. 34.8%, p=0.16). More black patients were treated with bortezomib compared to non-blacks (50.1% vs 44.4%, p<0.001). In unadjusted analyses, black race was associated with reduced risk of death at five years (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.97). After controlling for age, comorbidity score, hgb, albumin, transplant, and treatment; black patients also had improved survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.89). After adding BMI, year of diagnosis, and statin use to the final Cox model, black patients continued to have improved survival (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.86). Conclusions: Survival of black patients with MM was improved compared to non-blacks in the VHA, a national comprehensive care delivery system. Black patients also received similar therapies compared to non-blacks, while presenting at a younger age with more comorbidities. These results are strengthened after adjusting for treatments and patient characteristics not available in other large data studies. Despite increased incidence of MM in the black population, outcomes are improved, similar to other large studies of patients in the United States. Alternate disease biology may be responsible for improved survival and further studies of MM based on race are appropriate. Disclosures Carson: Flatiron Health: Employment; Washington University in St. Louis: Employment; Roche: Consultancy. Sanfilippo:BMS/Pfizer: Speakers Bureau.

Abstract:

-Selwyn R. Cudjoe, John Thieme, The web of tradition: uses of allusion in V.S. Naipaul's fiction,-A. James Arnold, Josaphat B. Kubayanda, The poet's Africa: Africanness in the poetry of Nicolás Guillèn and Aimé Césaire. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xiv + 176 pp.-Peter Mason, Robin F.A. Fabel, Shipwreck and adventures of Monsieur Pierre Viaud, translated by Robin F.A. Fabel. Pensacola: University of West Florida Press, 1990. viii + 141 pp.-Alma H. Young, Robert B. Potter, Urbanization, planning and development in the Caribbean, London: Mansell Publishing, 1989. vi + 327 pp.-Hymie Rubinstein, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship and class in the West Indies: a genealogical study of Jamaica and Guyana, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xiv + 205 pp.-Shepard Krech III, Richard Price, Alabi's world, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. xx + 445 pp.-Graham Hodges, Sandra T. Barnes, Africa's Ogun: Old world and new, Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989. xi + 274 pp.-Pamela Wright, Philippe I. Bourgois, Ethnicity at work: divided labor on a Central American banana plantation, Baltimore MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1989. xviii + 311 pp.-Idsa E. Alegría-Ortega, Andrés Serbin, El Caribe zona de paz? geopolítica, integración, y seguridad, Caracas: Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1989. 188 pp. (Paper n.p.) [Editor's note. This book is also available in English: Caribbean geopolitics: towards security through peace? Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990.-Gary R. Mormino, C. Neale Ronning, José Martí and the émigré colony in Key West: leadership and state formation, New York; Praeger, 1990. 175 pp.-Gary R. Mormino, Gerald E. Poyo, 'With all, and for the good of all': the emergence of popular nationalism in the Cuban communities of the United States, 1848-1898, Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1989. xvii + 182 pp.-Fernando Picó, Raul Gomez Treto, The church and socialism in Cuba, translated from the Spanish by Phillip Berryman. Maryknoll NY: Orbis, 1988. xii + 151 pp.-Fernando Picó, John M. Kirk, Between God and the party: religion and politics in revolutionary Cuba. Tampa FL: University of South Florida Press, 1989. xxi + 231 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Carmen Gautier Mayoral ,Puerto Rico en la economía política del Caribe, Río Piedras PR; Ediciones Huracán, 1990. 204 pp., Angel I. Rivera Ortiz, Idsa E. Alegría Ortega (eds)-Andrés Serbin, Carmen Gautier Mayoral ,Puerto Rico en las relaciones internacionales del Caribe, Río Piedras PR: Ediciones Huracán, 1990. 195 pp., Angel I. Rivera Ortiz, Idsa E. Alegría Ortega (eds)-Jay R. Mandle, Jorge Heine, A revolution aborted : the lessons of Grenada, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990. x + 351 pp.-Douglas Midgett, Rhoda Reddock, Elma Francois: the NWCSA and the workers' struggle for change in the Caribbean in the 1930's, London: New Beacon Books, 1988. vii + 60 pp.-Douglas Midgett, Susan Craig, Smiles and blood: the ruling class response to the workers' rebellion of 1937 in Trinidad and Tobago, London: New Beacon Books, 1988. vii + 70 pp.-Ken Post, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy by default: dependency and clientelism in Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, and Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. xiv + 170 pp.-Ken Post, Trevor Munroe, Jamaican politics: a Marxist perspective in transition, Kingston, Jamaica: Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean) and Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. 322 pp.-Wendell Bell, Darrell E. Levi, Michael Manley: the making of a leader, Athens GA: University of Georgia Press, 1990, 349 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, Mavis C. Campbell, The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655-1796: a history of resistance, collaboration and betrayal, Granby MA Bergin & Garvey, 1988. vi + 296 pp.-Kenneth M. Bilby, Rebekah Michele Mulvaney, Rastafari and reggae: a dictionary and sourcebook, Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xvi + 253 pp.-Robert Dirks, Jerome S. Handler ,Searching for a slave cemetery in Barbados, West Indies: a bioarcheological and ethnohistorical investigation, Carbondale IL: Center for archaeological investigations, Southern Illinois University, 1989. xviii + 125 pp., Michael D. Conner, Keith P. Jacobi (eds)-Gert Oostindie, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/1942, Assen, Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Alfons Martinus Gerardus Rutten, Apothekers en chirurgijns: gezondheidszorg op de Benedenwindse eilanden van de Nederlandse Antillen in de negentiende eeuw, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989. xx + 330 pp.-Rene A. Römer, Luc Alofs ,Ken ta Arubiano? sociale integratie en natievorming op Aruba, Leiden: Department of Caribbean studies, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, 1990. xi + 232 pp., Leontine Merkies (eds)-Michiel van Kempen, Benny Ooft et al., De nacht op de Courage - Caraïbische vertellingen, Vreeland, the Netherlands: Basispers, 1990.-M. Stevens, F.E.R. Derveld ,Winti-religie: een Afro-Surinaamse godsdienst in Nederland, Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Academische Uitgeverij Amersfoort, 1988. 188 pp., H. Noordegraaf (eds)-Dirk H. van der Elst, H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen ,The great Father and the danger: religious cults, material forces, and collective fantasies in the world of the Surinamese Maroons, Dordrecht, the Netherlands and Providence RI: Foris Publications, 1988. xiv + 451 pp. [Second printing, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1991], W. van Wetering (eds)-Johannes M. Postma, Gert Oostindie, Roosenburg en Mon Bijou: twee Surinaamse plantages, 1720-1870, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1989. x + 548 pp.-Elizabeth Ann Schneider, John W. Nunley ,Caribbean festival arts: each and every bit of difference, Seattle/St. Louis: University of Washington Press / Saint Louis Art Museum, 1989. 217 pp., Judith Bettelheim (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Howard S. Pactor, Colonial British Caribbean newspapers: a bibliography and directory, Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xiii + 144 pp.-Marian Goslinga, Annotated bibliography of Puerto Rican bibliographies, compiled by Fay Fowlie-Flores. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1990. xxvi + 167 pp.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult leukemia in western countries and disparities in outcomes based on race have been identified. In national registry data and institutional studies, black patients were found to have worse overall survival and an earlier age at diagnosis with higher rates of adverse cytogenetics. However, racial disparities commonly correlate with access to care, comorbidities, and differences in treatment. In order to limit these potential confounders not available in other data, we studied patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) network to understand differences in treatment and outcomes of black vs. non-black patients with CLL in a single care delivery system. Methods: We used the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry to identify patients diagnosed with CLL between September 1999 and October 2015 who were identified by race. Pharmacy records were used identify patients who received fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, bendamustine, or chlorambucil as initial treatment of CLL. Comparisons between groups were performed with t-test or chi-square as appropriate. Comorbidity was assessed with Charlson (Romano) index and median survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess associations between race and while adjusting for age, comorbidity, type of treatment, time to treatment and BMI. The study was approved the Saint Louis VA Medical Center institutional review board. Results: An initial cohort of 7155 patients with CLL was identified, of whom 2597 received chemotherapy within the VHA. Of those receiving chemotherapy, 14.8% were black (345/2597). The median year of treatment was 2006. Black patients were younger (64.0 years vs. 67.1, p<0.001) with similar mean comorbidity scores (2.3 vs. 2.2 p=0.24) compared to non-black patients. The mean time from CLL diagnosis to treatment was shorter for black patients (24.2 months vs. 28.3 p=0.02). Black patients were more likely to receive fludarabine based regimens (43.6% vs. 30.2%, p<0.001) and less likely to receive chlorambucil (25.5% vs. 32.5%, p=0.01). There were no differences based on race in treatment with bendamustine (10.4% vs. 11.4%, p=0.57), cyclophosphamide (8.6% vs. 11.0%, p=0.15) or rituximab alone (11.9% vs 14.9%, p=0.13). Second line treatment was administered to 197 black patients, which was more frequent than non-black (51.2% vs. 43.9%, p=0.01). Mean overall survival from diagnosis was 68.2 months in black patients compared to 72.5 months in non-black (p=0.07) and median overall survival was 76 vs. 83 months (p=0.051) respectively. Mean survival from start of chemotherapy (43.7 months vs. 43.6, p=0.95) in black and non-black patients and median survival was 47 vs. 50 months (p=0.34) respectively. In unadjusted analyses, black race was not associated with differences in survival after chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% CI:0.93-1.22, p=0.34) nor in overall survival (1.14, 95% CI:0.99-1.30, p=0.051). After adjusting for age, comorbidity index, BMI, duration of observation and treatment characteristics, black race was associated with poorer overall survival (adjusted HR 1.25, 95% CI:1.08-1.44, p=0.002) and survival after chemotherapy (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI:1.05-1.41, p=0.008). Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of patients treated for CLL at the VHA, black patients had worse survival compared to non-black patients in a single health care delivery system, which limits differences in access to care. Black patients were younger and had shorter periods of observation and were more frequently given first-line fludarabine. Future studies should be performed to understand potential differences in CLL disease biology in different racial groups as a potential cause of adverse outcomes in this patient population. Disclosures Carson: Washington University in St. Louis: Employment; Roche: Consultancy; Flatiron Health: Employment. Sanfilippo:BMS/Pfizer: Speakers Bureau.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: Previous evidence has shown that low mean nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation is significantly associated with a higher number of pain days per year Hargrave et al. (Blood. 2003; 101(3)846-8). We tested the primary hypothesis that sleep disordered breathing, described by low mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (SpO2), is associated with increased rates of severe vaso-occlusive pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS). Our secondary hypothesis investigated the association between high obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI; the number of obstructive apneas and hypopneas with >3% SpO2desaturations or arousals per hour of sleep) with increased incidence of severe pain requiring hospitalization and ACS episodes. Study design: A prospective cohort study of children and adolescents from the Sleep and Asthma Cohort (SAC) was assembled. Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), defined as HgbSS or Hb Sβ°, were enrolled from 4 to 18 years of age at three clinical centers, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri; Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio; and University College London in London, UK (which recruited from three London hospitals). At each site, SAC study-certified technicians performed full 12 channel in-laboratory research polysomnography (PSG) including continuous measurements of nocturnal oxygen saturation using standardized protocols according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines for data acquisition and scoring. All PSGs were read centrally at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Negative binomial regression was used to test the association between nocturnal SpO2 and the incidence rate of severe pain requiring hospitalization and ACS episodes. Covariates in the primary models for pain and ACS included: age at polysomnography, sex, hemoglobin, white blood cell count (WBC), OAHI, and mean nocturnal SpO2. All covariates meeting a significance criteria of p<0.20 were subsequently included in the final model for pain or ACS. Pain rate was defined as number of vaso-occlusive pain events that required hospitalization per year. ACS event was defined as an episode of acute respiratory distress associated with a new radiodensity on chest roentgenogram and at least one of the following: temperature greater than 38° Celsius, increased respiratory effort, decreased oxygen saturation, or increased respiratory rate documented in the medical record. A diagnosis of pneumonia was considered an ACS episode. If a pain event occurred with an ACS episode, the participant was counted as having an ACS event. Results: A total of 252 participants with SCA underwent polysomnography and after quality control, 243 were included; of these 223 had values for pain and ACS after polysomnography; missing data were due to lack of follow-up. Of the 223 participants, 18 on hydroxyurea therapy at the time of PSG and one with missing hydroxyurea status were excluded in primary analyses as hydroxyurea treatment is known to significantly influence pain incidence. The final sample included 204 participants, median age 10.4 years (interquartile range 7.3). Participants were followed for median 5.0 years (interquartile range 1.8 after PSG). After adjusting for age, sex, WBC, and hemoglobin, higher nocturnal SpO2 was associated with increased incidence of pain, which is in the opposite direction of our hypothesis (incidence rate ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17, p<0.001). Mean nocturnal SpO2 was not associated with ACS (incidence rate ratio 1.02, CI 0.96-1.09, p=0.500). In separate models, adjusting for age, sex, WBC, and hemoglobin, OAHI was not associated with future pain using either the log OAHI (IRR 0.99, CI 0.88-1.10, p=0.805) or with OAHI ≥2 (IRR 0.87, CI 0.55-1.41, p=0.569). After adjustment for covariates, OAHI was not associated with ACS using either the log OAHI (IRR 1.06, CI 0.92-1.21, p=0.450) or with OAHI ≥2 (IRR 0.86, CI 0.53-1.39, p=0.541). In an attempt to replicate the Hargrave analysis (Blood. 2003; 101(3)846-8), we investigated whether pain days per year was associated with nocturnal SpO2. Nocturnal SpO2was associated with pain days per year, but in the opposite direction of our hypothesis (IRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.20, p= 0.001). Conclusion: In an unselected group of children with SCA, low mean nocturnal SpO2 and elevated OAHI are not associated with clinically relevant increased incidence rates of vaso-occlusive pain or ACS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract:

Introduction Treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) has often required the use of opioids for the treatment of pain. While guidelines for specific medications and dosing are available for inpatient and emergency department use, less is known about the outpatient treatment of adult SCD patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of outpatient opioids in adults with sickle cell disease. Method The Adult Hemoglobinopathy Resource Center at Washington University provides care for adult SCD patients throughout the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area. All patients have confirmed SCD (Hgb SS, Hgb SC, Hgb Sβ+, Hgb Sβ0, Hgb SOther) and have been seen at least once since 2011 to be included in the study. Patients were considered to be compliant with their outpatient care if they were seen at least once per year and did not miss more than three consecutive appointments. The type of opioid that was used was determined based on the most recent filled prescription. Patients were considered to be on chronic opioids if they received >1 prescription/month or were over a 3 month period. Patients were considered to be on no opioids if they received ≤1 prescription in 3 months. Results Three hundred and seventeen patients have been evaluated between January 2011 and June 2013 of which 9 (2.8%) have died during that time period. Of the surviving patients, 33 (10.7%) have not been actively followed (poor compliance/disruptive behavior-29, incarcerated-2, moved out of town-1, transfer of care-1). Of the patients actively followed, the mean age is 32 years (range 17-72); 148 patients (53.8%) are female and 127 (46.2%) are male. The hemoglobinopathies include SS-175, SC-80, Sβ+-14, Sβ0-5, SCHarlem-1. Long-term red cell transfusions were performed in 25 patients (automated RBC exchange-13, partial manual exchange-8 and simple transfusions-4) and hydroxyurea was prescribed in 101 patients (Hgb SS-92 patients). At present, 151 patients (54.9%) are prescribed chronic long and short acting opioids and 76 patients (27.6%) are on chronic short acting opioids with a much smaller number of patients (40 pts) not receiving opioids. Notably 18 of 40 patients not receiving opioids were effectively treated with either hydroxyurea or transfusion therapy. Of the 104 patients ≤25 years of age, 60 (57.7%) were on chronic long and short acting opioids at the time of their initial care. The most commonly prescribed long-acting opioid used was extended release morphine sulfate and the most common short acting opioid was oxycodone. Because of recent concerns about non-compliance and diversion, urine drug screens have been utilized with increasing frequency to assess opioid use and of the last 30 patients receiving long-acting therapy who were tested, 17 samples did not identify the prescribed medication suggesting some degree of opioid misuse. Conclusions While opioids have been an important adjunctive treatment for patients with sickle cell disease, their most effective use in adult patients is difficult to define. Strategies to decrease the use of opioids in the adolescent and young adult population along with disease-modifying therapy such as hydroxyurea and RBC transfusions would seem to be helpful to decrease the chronic use of opioids. Furthermore, chronic use of opioids is frequently associated with poor compliance. The use of urine drug screens may be helpful to improve compliance and decrease diversion. Disclosures: Blinder: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding.

Abstract:

Abstract Background Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a 9-fold increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Current guidelines recommend pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in patients with MM receiving an immunomodulatory agent in the presence of additional VTE risk factors (NCCN 2015, ASCO 2014, ACCP 2012). However, putative risk factors vary across guidelines and no validated VTE risk tool exists for MM. Khorana et al. developed a VTE risk score in patients with solid organ malignancies and lymphoma (Blood, 2008). We sought to apply the Khorana et al. score in a population with MM. Methods We identified patients diagnosed with MM within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) between September 1, 1999 and December 31, 2009 using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-03 code 9732/3. We followed the cohort through October 2014. To eliminate patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma, we excluded patients who did not receive MM-directed therapy within 6 months of diagnosis. We also excluded patients who did not have data for hemoglobin (HGB), platelet (PLT) count, white blood count (WBC), height and weight, as these are all variables included in the Khorana et al. risk model. Height and weight were assessed within one month of diagnosis and used to calculate body mass index (BMI). We measured HGB, PLT count, and WBC count prior to treatment initiation: within two months of MM diagnosis. A previously validated algorithm, using a combination of ICD-9 code for VTE plus pharmacologic treatment for VTE or IVC filter placement, identified patients with incident VTE after MM diagnosis (Thromb Res, 2015). The study was approved by the Saint Louis VHA Medical Center and Washington University School of Medicine institutional review boards. We calculated VTE risk using the Khorana et al. score: We assigned 1 point each for: PLT ≥ 350,000/μl, HGB < 10 g/dl, WBC > 11,000/μl, and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2. Patients with 0 points were at low-risk, 1-2 points were considered intermediate-risk and ≥3 points were termed high-risk for VTE. We assessed the relationship between risk-group and development of VTE using logistic regression at 3- and 6-months. We tested model discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (concordance statistic, c) with a c-statistic range of 0.5 (no discriminative ability) to 1.0 (perfect discriminative ability). Results We identified 1,520 patients with MM: 16 were high-risk, 802 intermediate-risk, and 702 low-risk for VTE using the scoring system in the Khorana et al. score. At 3-months of follow-up, a total of 76 patients developed VTE: 27 in the low-risk group, 48 in the intermediate-risk group, and 1 in the high-risk group. At 6-months of follow-up there were 103 incident VTEs: 41 in the low-risk group, 61 in the intermediate-risk group, and 1 in the high-risk group. There was no significant difference between risk of VTE in the high- or intermediate-risk groups versus the low-risk group (Table 1). The c-statistic was 0.56 at 3-months and 0.53 at 6-months (Figure 1). Conclusion Previously, the Khorana score was developed and validated to predict VTE in patients with solid tumors. It was not a strong predictor of VTE risk in MM. There is a need for development of a risk prediction model in patients with MM. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Carson: American Cancer Society: Research Funding. Gage:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Research Funding. Kuderer:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy, Honoraria. Sanfilippo:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Research Funding.

Abstract:

Abstract Background Compared to the general population, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a 9-fold increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a preventable disease that causes death and morbidity. Thromboprophylaxis is a safe and effective way to decrease VTE in other high-risk populations (i.e. atrial fibrillation). Current guidelines recommend pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in patients with MM receiving an immunomodulatory agent in the presence of additional VTE risk factors. However, putative risk factors vary across guidelines and lack validation. Recently, an attempt to validate the International Myeloma Working Group 2014 guidelines for thromboprophylaxis found current risk factors to be inadequate. Identification of risk factors for VTE in MM can allow for effective risk-stratification to clarify thromboprophylaxis in the MM population. We sought to identify risk factors for VTE in patients with MM. Methods We identified patients diagnosed with MM within the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry from September 1, 1999 and December 31, 2013 and followed them through October 2014. We excluded patients who did not receive MM-directed therapy within 6 months of diagnosis. Using a previously validated algorithm, (Thromb Res, 2015), we identified patients diagnosed with VTE after MM diagnosis by a combination of ICD-9 code for VTE plus pharmacologic treatment for VTE or IVC filter placement. We obtained information on baseline patient demographics, medical comorbidities, laboratory data, MM-directed therapy, and use of aspirin and/or warfarin. Univariate analyses identified the association between individual variables and VTE in the cohort. Clinically meaningful and significant associations were included in the multivariate model. Multivariate analysis was done using competing risks regression modeling. The study was approved by the Saint Louis VHA Medical Center and Washington University institutional review boards. Results A total of 3,384 patients comprised the final cohort of whom 414 developed a VTE. Patients who developed VTE were more likely to be younger (66.2 vs 68.5, p < .001), have a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 (p < .001), be diagnosed with MM prior to 2007 (p < .001), have a VTE before MM diagnosis (p < .001), have a lower comorbidities (p < .001), have received autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (p < .001), have received lenalidomide, thalidomide, or bortezomib (p < .001), and less likely to have received warfarin (p < .001). Among predefined risk factors, age (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.98-1.00, p = 0.02), VTE before MM diagnosis (HR 4.13, 95% CI 2.81-6.05, p < .001), heart failure (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.96, p = 0.03), treatment with thalidomide (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.63-2.50, p < 0.001), BMI ≥ 30 (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74, p = 0.03), and diabetes mellitus (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-0.99, p = 0.04) were associated with VTE. After inclusion into multivariate analysis and adjusting for warfarin/aspirin use; age, BMI, year of MM diagnosis, VTE before MM, thalidomide, warfarin, and aspirin were all associated with VTE in MM (Table 1). Conclusion We identified several risk factors associated with VTE in MM. Incorporation of these risk factors into a MM-specific risk model has the potential to reduce risk of VTE in MM. Disclosures Sanfilippo: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Research Funding. Gage:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Research Funding. Carson:American Cancer Society: Research Funding.

Abstract:

Abstract Background: The use of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a single agent for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in HLA matched transplant patients has had varied results. Two recent studies at Johns Hopkins University noted favorable incidences of both GVHD and non-relapse mortality (NRM) in both matched related and unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients (Kanakry CG, et al, JCO, 2013 and Kanakry CG et al, Blood, 2014). In contrast to this data, a phase II study at MD Anderson reported higher rates of grade II-IV acute GVHD and NRM, with worse overall survival in patients receiving PTCy as the sole GVHD prophylaxis compared to their matched cohort receiving a calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) and methotrexate (MTX) as immunosuppression (Alousi AM et al, BBMT, 2015). Another study in Australia had to be stopped for safety reasons due to high GVHD and NRM when using PTCy as sole GVHD prophylaxis (Bradstock KF, BBMT, 2015). There is no published data on the use of MMF plus tacrolimus in combination with PTCy in HLA matched allo-HCT recipients. We hypothesized that addition of MMF and Tacrolimus to PTCy in HLA matched allo-HCT recipients will lead to significantly improved transplant outcomes. To answer this question we retrospectively analyzed data from patients who received this regimen at a single institution. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 31 HLA matched allo-HCT patients who received PTCy at 50 mg/m2 on days +3 and +4 in addition to MMF and tacrolimus immunosuppression from December 2012 till June 2015 at Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis. All of these patients received G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood grafts. Patients included AML (n=13), ALL (n=5), MDS (n=5), CML (n=2), aplastic anemia (n=2) and NHL (n=1), myelofibrosis (n=1). Twelve of the patients underwent a matched related donor (MRD) transplant and 19 underwent a matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplant. Two of the MUD transplants had a HLA match grade of 8 of 10 and the other 17 were a 10 out of 10 match. Twenty-eight of the patients received a graft collected via peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and the other three had a donor graft collected via bone marrow harvest. Cumulative incidence of aGVHD was estimated using Gray's sub-distribution method to account for death without aGVHD as a competing event, and the cumulative incidences of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were estimated treating each other as competing event, while OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier limit method. Results: This regimen was associated with acceptable GVHD in our patients. Incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 28% (21.3% for MRD; 31.5% for MUD) at day 100 and 28% at 1 year. Incidence of Grade III-IV acute GVHD was 13.5% at both 100 days and 1 year. Limited chronic GVHD was 25.9% and extensive GVHD was 14.8% at 1 year. Similarly we found acceptable NRM and relapse in these patients, NRM was 10.2% and 19.7% at 100 days and 1 year respectively and cumulative incidence of relapse at 100 days and 1 year were 17.8% and 29.0% respectively. Overall survival at 1 year for all patients was 52%. Summary: Here we report favorable results from a regimen combining MMF and Tacrolimus on PTCy platform in HLA matched MRD and MUD transplant recipients. Relatively low GVHD and NRM results are particularly encouraging in view of almost exclusive use of G-CSF mobilized T cell replete grafts with much higher T cell content. Though limited by the relatively small number of patients, our results suggest combining MMF plus Tacrolimus with PTCy platform in HLA matched allogeneic transplant patients is safe and associated with acceptable transplant outcomes. Disclosures Vij: Onyx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy. Uy:Novartis: Research Funding. Abboud:Teva Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Gerson Lehman Group: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Schroeder:Celgene: Other: Azacitidine provided for this trial by Celgene; Incyte: Consultancy. Jacoby:Sunesis: Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy.

Abstract:

Abstract The fraction of patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have long (>5 years) first remissions after chemotherapy alone is estimated to be about 9.1% in young (<60 years) and 1.6% in older (>60 years) patients1; very few intermediate risk patients are therefore "cured" with chemotherapy alone. At this time, it is not yet clear whether these long remission patients are "living with disease", or whether all AML cells have been eliminated. Many people in complete morphologic remission have evidence for persistence of their ancestral and/or founding clones within the first 2-3 years after treatment, but genomic studies of very long first remissions have not yet been described. To determine whether patients with very long first remissions with chemotherapy alone clear their mutations, or are living with persistent disease, we performed an analysis of the mutational landscape and mutation persistence of 8 cases of normal karyotype AML with remissions of >5 years, and who received standard "7+3" induction and high dose cytarabine consolidation (3 to 4 cycles) as their primary therapy. All patients were diagnosed and treated at Washington University in Saint Louis; patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The mean age of patients at initial diagnosis was 43.5 years (range 19-63), and the mean time of follow up in first remission is currently 92 months (7.6 years) (range 62-146 months). To the best of our knowledge, none of the patients has relapsed to date. In every case, the day +14 bone marrow demonstrated ablation, and the day +28 bone marrow showed complete morphologic remission. For each case, we defined the mutational landscape at presentation with enhanced exome sequencing (235x coverage of the entire exome, and ~1008x coverage of recurrently mutated AML genes, as defined in the TCGA AML study). Each case had one or more recognized AML driver mutations, with a mean of 44 (range 31-64) somatic exome mutations (Table 1). The mutational spectrum at diagnosis was not statistically different from larger cohorts of intermediate risk AML patients with standard outcomes: 2 cases had mutations in DNMT3A, 6 had NPMc, 4 had NRAS, 3 had FLT3, 2 had WT1, 2 had STAG2, 2 had SLC43A3, and 2 had PTPN11 mutations. We were able to create probes for 225 mutations (mean of 28 per case, range 17-41) for analysis on the Haloplex platform; we used this platform to perform deep, error-corrected sequencing in one or more remission samples obtained from the bone marrow or peripheral blood of each patient after more than 1 year of remission. The mean depth of Haloplex coverage for all variants for all 8 samples was 1607x (range: 102-12,538x). Importantly, each sample had at least one AML-specific mutation assayed with a coverage depth greater than 3500x, yielding a sensitivity to detect 1 cell in 1,750 (0.06%). In the remission samples, 7/8 patients demonstrated complete clearance of all mutations in all samples tested, strongly suggesting that all AML cells had been eliminated by standard induction and consolidation therapies. In one case (868442), we detected a persistent ancestral clone in morphologic remission samples, harboring DNMT3AR882H (VAF 10.19% in long remission) and IRS2D106Y mutations (VAF 12.82% in long remission). These data suggest that a small subset of normal karyotype AML patients treated with chemotherapy alone may able to completely eradicate all AML cells. Although the mechanism is not yet clear (increased susceptibility to chemotherapy, immunologic surveillance of neoantigens, etc.), these data suggest that some patients in long remissions after chemotherapy do not have persistent subclinical disease, nor do they retain ancestral clones that could potentially contribute to relapse. In ongoing studies, our aim is to define biomarkers that can be used to prospectively identify this subset of patients, so that they can avoid the risk of allotransplantation in first remission. Reference:Vasu, Sumithira et al., Blood Advances 2.13 (2018): 1645-1650. Web. 31 July. 2018. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is complicated by widespread tissue and organ damage, including avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bones. Common sites of AVN include the shoulders and hips, which often causes severe pain and limited joint function, leading to surgical treatment. Although common, the prevalence of symptomatic AVN and optimal management for this disease has not been well defined. Furthermore, the overall effect of operative treatment on pain episodes requiring hospitalization is not known. The aim of this study is to retrospectively examine the prevalence of symptomatic AVN in adult SCD patients and assess the effects of surgical therapy. Methods: The Adult Hemoglobinopathy Resource Center at Washington University provides care for adult SCD patients throughout the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area. All patients have confirmed SCD (Hgb SS, Hgb SC, Hgb Sβ+, Hgb Sβ0, Hgb SC Harlem, Hgb SOther) and have been seen at least once since 2011 to be included in the study. Patients with new onset or worsening hip or shoulder pain underwent imaging studies and the presence or absence of radiographic evidence of AVN was used to determine the prevalence. The medical record was reviewed to identify patients with orthopedic procedures for AVN. The operative history of individuals with AVN was assessed and data from the post-operative hospital course was collected. The medical record was also reviewed to assess for subsequent hospitalizations and to determine whether the complications were directly related to the surgery or not. Medical record data was collected through June 2014. The surgical procedures were determined by the treating orthopedists and were not prospectively evaluated. Results: From October 2011 to June 2014, 324 patients have been evaluated. Of these patients, the mean age is 36 years (range 18-81); 180 are female (55.6%), and 144 are male (44.4%). The hemoglobinopathies include SS-205, SC-90, Sβ+-21, Sβ0-5, SC Harlem-2, and one unconfirmed genotype of SCD because of longstanding chronic transfusions. Out of the 324 patients, 94 (29%) had clinical and radiographic findings consistent with AVN of the hip(s) and 64 (19.8%) had findings consistent with AVN of the shoulder(s). No statistical difference was detected between genders (p >0.5) or among the genotypes, including between hemoglobin SS and SC (p>0.3). Forty-eight patients underwent 74 operations for AVN including 50 hip and 24 shoulder procedures. For the hip surgeries, these included 44 total hip arthroplasties, 2 hemiarthroplasties, 2 core decompressions and 2 other operative procedures. For the shoulder procedures, there were 11 total shoulder arthroplasties, 4 hemiarthroplasties, 8 core decompressions and 1 other operative treatment. All patients received pre-operative red cell transfusion support. The mean post-operative time in the hospital was 3.6 days (range <1-8) for hip surgery and 2.4 days (range <1-8) for shoulder surgery. Notably, there were thirteen re-hospitalizations within 30 days of surgery but these were all felt to be for pain syndromes not directly related to the surgical site. Fourteen patients were readmitted over the course of their care for joint-related complications resulting in 6 surgical revisions. Three had hemiarthroplasties converted to total arthroplasties, including both patients who originally received hip hemiarthroplasties. Both patients who underwent hip core decompressions later received total hip arthroplasties in those joints, and one patient of a shoulder core decompression also required total joint replacement. With three years of follow up, one patient underwent surgical removal of the prosthesis and insertion of an antibiotic spacer to treat a possible infection. Overall, patients who underwent surgical treatment for AVN had 2.4 hospitalizations per year for either joint related complications or other SCD related issues. Conclusion: SymptomaticAVN of hips and shoulders is a frequently occurring complication for patients with SCD. This data supports the role for joint replacement surgery as an effective treatment to improve joint function with a low risk of complications. However, hospitalizations for other complications of SCD, particularly sickle cell related pain, continue to occur and strategies for preventing AVN remain to be defined. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of red cells complicated by acute vaso-occlusion (VOC) and chronic organ damage in adults leading to a shortened lifespan. Improved management of SCD patients has resulted in increasing life expectancy so that the prevalence of malignancy in patients with SCD may be increasing. Patients with SCD often have comorbidities related to their disease that may limit their ability to receive cancer treatments and result in worse outcomes. Available literature describing cancer in SCD patients is limited to case reports and small retrospective reviews. This study describes a cohort of adult patients with SCD with a malignancy and the effect on their SCD. Methods: The Adult Hemoglobinopathy Resource Center at Washington University has provided care for adult SCD patients throughout the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area since 1990. All patients have confirmed SCD (Hgb SS, Hgb SC, Hgb Sβ+, Hgb Sβ0, Hgb SC Harlem, Hgb S Other) and have been seen at least once since 2011 or are known to have died were included in this study. A retrospective chart review of these SCD patients was conducted and medical records were reviewed for malignancies. Demographic data and SCD history included: gender, SCD genotype, baseline Hgb, and hydroxyurea use. Cancer treatment history data included: age at and date of diagnosis, cancer screening, type and stage of malignancy, date and cause of death, complications of cancer treatments, and the number of hospitalizations/emergency departments visits for VOC in the year before and after cancer diagnosis. Categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and continuous variable analyzed using student t-test. Patients were grouped into Hgb SS and non-Hgb SS for analysis to explore differences in outcomes. Overall survival (OS) was calculated based on date of diagnosis to date of death or censored at July 7, 2016. Commonly cited oncology literature was reviewed for the median OS for each malignancy based on stage. Each patient's actual survival was compared to the expected median OS for their respective malignancy. OS was classified as better or worse if actual survival time was at least equivalent to or shorter than cited median OS, respectively. Results: From October 2011 to December 2015, 397 patients have been evaluated and 15 are known to have died. Of the surviving patients, the mean age is 35 yrs (range 18-76); 199 are female (52.1%), and 183 are male (47.9%). The hemoglobinopathies include SS-245, SC-106, Sβ+-24, Sβ0-5, SC Harlem-1, and unconfirmed-1. Overall, 85 patients have died since 1994. Eleven patients (Hgb SS-6, Hgb SC-3 and Hgb Sβ+-2) were found to have diagnoses of twelve malignancies. The diagnoses and number of patients include non-small cell lung-3, breast-2, and one each of germ cell tumor, Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, and papillary thyroid, extra-adrenal metastatic paraganglioma, tongue base squamous cell and prostate cancers. The incidence of malignancy in our cohort was 2.3% and the median age at cancer diagnosis was 41.8 yrs (range 19-68). Patients with Hgb SS trended towards having cancer diagnosed at a later age compared to non-Hgb SS patients (ages 52.3 vs 35.8 yrs respectively, p=0.1). Hgb SS patients had a lower baseline Hgb (p=0.00005) and higher frequency of hydroxyurea use (p=0.012) compared to non-Hgb SS patients at the time of cancer diagnosis. The median OS of patients was at least equivalent to expected OS in 2 out of 6 patients with Hgb SS and 4 out of 5 patients non-Hgb SS disease (p=0.16). Initial therapy consisted of surgery (5), radiation therapy (3, 1 curative and 2 palliative intent) and chemotherapy (4). Chemotherapy was indicated as standard of care but not administered to 4 patients secondary to comorbidities. There was no significant difference in VOC/year in the year before compared to the year after cancer diagnosis. Malignancy was identified by age appropriate cancer screening in 3 out of 4 applicable patients. Conclusions: In adults with SCD, malignancy occurred in 2.3% of patients over about 25yrs. There was not an observed increase in pain crises requiring in-hospital or emergency department evaluations after cancer diagnosis. Patients with SCD should complete age appropriate cancer screening for early detection. There is a modest trend towards worse outcomes for patients with Hgb SS disease compared to the general population and compared to Hgb SC/Sβ+. Disclosures Blinder: CSL Behring: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria.

Abstract:

Welcome to the fourth issue of volume 43 of the IASSIST Quarterly (IQ 43:4, 2019). The first article is authored by Jessica Mozersky, Heidi Walsh, Meredith Parsons, Tristan McIntosh, Kari Baldwin, and James M. DuBois – all located at the Bioethics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri in USA. They ask the question “Are we ready to share qualitative research data?”, with the subtitle “Knowledge and preparedness among qualitative researchers, IRB Members, and data repository curators.” The subtitle indicates that their research includes a survey of key personnel related to scientific data sharing. The report is obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 data repository curators, 30 qualitative researchers, and 30 IRB staff members in the USA. IRB stands for Institutional Review Board, which in other countries might be called research ethics committee or similar. There is generally an increasing trend towards data sharing and open science, but qualitative data are rarely shared. The dilemma behind this reluctance to share is exemplified by health data where qualitative methods explore sensitive topics. The sensitivity leads to protection of confidentiality, which hinders keeping sufficient contextual detail for secondary analyses. You could add that protection of confidentiality is a much bigger task in qualitative data, where sensitive information can be hidden in every corner of the data, that consequently must be fine-combed, while with quantitative data most decisions concerning confidentiality can be made at the level of variables. The reporting in the article gives insights into the differences between the three stakeholder groups. An often-found answer among researchers is that data sharing is associated with quantitative data, while IRB members have little practice with qualitative. Among curators, about half had curated qualitative data, but many only worked with quantitative data. In general, qualitative data sharing lacks guidance and standards. The second article also raises a question: “How many ways can we teach data literacy?” We are now in Asia with a connection to the USA. The author Yun Dai is working at the Library of New York University Shanghai, where they have explored many ways to teach data literacy to undergraduate students. These initiatives, described in the article, included workshops and in-class instruction - which tempted students by offering up-to-date technology, through online casebooks of topics in the data lifecycle, to event series with appealing names like “Lying with Data.” The event series had a marketing mascot - a “Lying with Data” Pinocchio - and sessions on being fooled by advertisem*nts and getting the truth out of opinion surveys. Data literacy has a resemblance to information literacy and in that perspective, data literacy is defined as “critical thinking applied to evaluating data sources and formats, and interpreting and communicating findings,” while statistical literacy is “the ability to evaluate statistical information as evidence.” The article presents the approaches and does not conclude on the question, “How many?” No readers will be surprised by the missing answer, and I am certain readers will enjoy the ideas of the article and the marketing focus. With the last article “Examining barriers for establishing a national data service,” the author Janez Štebe takes us to Europe. Janez Štebe is head of the social science data archives (Arhiv Družboslovnih Podatkov) at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) is a distributed European social science data infrastructure for access to research data. CESSDA has many - but not all - European countries as members. The focus is on the situation in 20 non-CESSDA member European countries, with emerging and immature data archive services being developed through such projects as the CESSDA Strengthening and Widening (SaW 2016 and 2017) and CESSDA Widening Activities (WA 2018). By identifying and comparing gaps and differences, a group of countries at a similar level may consider following similar best practice examples to achieve a more mature and supportive open scientific data ecosystem. Like the earlier articles, this article provides good references to earlier literature and description of previous studies in the area. In this project 22 countries were selected, all CESSDA non-members, and interviewees among social science researchers and data librarians were contacted with an e-mail template between October 2018 and January 2019. The article brings results and discussion of the national data sharing culture and data infrastructure. Yes, there is a lack of money! However, it is the process of gradually establishing a robust data infrastructure that is believed to impact the growth of a data sharing culture and improve the excellence and the efficiency of research in general. Submissions of papers for the IASSIST Quarterly are always very welcome. We welcome input from IASSIST conferences or other conferences and workshops, from local presentations or papers especially written for the IQ. When you are preparing such a presentation, give a thought to turning your one-time presentation into a lasting contribution. Doing that after the event also gives you the opportunity of improving your work after feedback. We encourage you to login or create an author login to https://www.iassistquarterly.com (our Open Journal System application). We permit authors to “deep link” into the IQ as well as to deposit the paper in your local repository. Chairing a conference session with the purpose of aggregating and integrating papers for a special issue IQ is also much appreciated as the information reaches many more people than the limited number of session participants and will be readily available on the IASSIST Quarterly website at https://www.iassistquarterly.com. Authors are very welcome to take a look at the instructions and layout: https://www.iassistquarterly.com/index.php/iassist/about/submissions Authors can also contact me directly via e-mail: kbr@sam.sdu.dk. Should you be interested in compiling a special issue for the IQ as guest editor(s) I will also be delighted to hear from you. Karsten Boye Rasmussen - December 2019

Abstract:

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. (eds.), Dead Giveaways, Indigenous Testaments of Colonial Mesoamerica end the Andes, Salt Lake city, University of Utah Press, 1998, pp. 249-289.Aladjidi, P., Le roi, père des pauvres: France XIIIe-XVe siècle, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2008.Alberro, S., Les Espagnols dans le Mexique colonial: histoire d’une acculturation, Paris, A. Colin, 1992.Alden, D., The making of an enterprise: the Society of Jesus in Portugal, its empire, and beyond 1540-1750, Stanford California, Stanford University Press, 1996.Angulo, D., “El capitán Gómez de León, vecino fundador de la ciudad de Arequipa. Probança e información de los servicios que hizo a S. M. en estos Reynos del Piru el Cap. Gomez de León, vecino que fue de cibdad de Ariquipa, fecha el año MCXXXI a pedimento de sus hijos y herederos”, Revista del archivo nacional del Perú, Tomo VI, entrega II, Julio-diciembre 1928, pp. 95-148.Atienza López, Á., Tiempos de conventos: una historia social de las fundaciones en la España moderna, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia, 2008.Azpilcueta Navarro, M. de, Manual de penitentes, Estella, Adrián de Anvers, 1566.Baschet, J., “Un Moyen Âge mondialisé? Remarques sur les ressorts précoces de la dynamique occidentale”, en Renaud, O., Schaub, J.-F., Thireau, I. (eds.), Faire des sciences sociales, comparer, Paris, éditions de l’EHESS, 2012, pp. 23-59.Boltanski, A. y Maldavsky, A., “Laity and Procurement of Funds», en Fabre, P.-A., Rurale, F. (eds.), Claudio Acquaviva SJ (1581-1615). A Jesuit Generalship at the time of the invention of the modern Catholicism, Leyden, Brill, 2017, pp. 191-216.Borges Morán, P., El envío de misioneros a América durante la época española, Salamanca, Universidad Pontifícia, 1977.Bourdieu, P., “L’économie des biens symboliques», Raisons pratiques: sur la théorie de l’action, Paris, Seuil, [1994] 1996, pp. 177-213.Brizuela Molina, S., “¿Cómo se funda un convento? Algunas consideraciones en torno al surgimiento de la vida monástica femenina en Santa Fe de Bogotá (1578-1645)”, Anuario de historia regional y de las Fronteras, vol. 22, n. 2, 2017, pp. 165-192.Brown, P., Le prix du salut. Les chrétiens, l’argent et l’au-delà en Occident (IIIe-VIIIe siècle), Paris, Belin, 2016.Burke, P., La Renaissance européenne, Paris, Seuil, 2000.Burns, K., Hábitos coloniales: los conventos y la economía espiritual del Cuzco, Lima, Quellca, IFEA, 2008.Cabanes, B y Piketty, G., “Sortir de la guerre: jalons pour une histoire en chantier”, Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société, n. 3, nov.-dic. 2007.Cantú, F., “Evoluzione et significato della dottrina della restituzione in Bartolomé de Las Casas. Con il contributo di un documento inedito”, Critica Storica XII-Nuova serie, n. 2-3-4, 1975, pp. 231-319.Castelnau-L’Estoile, C. de, “Les fils soumis de la Très sainte Église, esclavages et stratégies matrimoniales à Rio de Janeiro au début du XVIIIe siècle», en Cottias, M., Mattos, H. (eds.), Esclavage et Subjectivités dans l’Atlantique luso-brésilien et français (XVIIe-XXe), [OpenEdition Press, avril 2016. Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/ http://books.openedition.org/oep/1501>. ISBN : 9782821855861]Celestino, O. y Meyers, A., Las cofradías en el Perú, Francfort, Iberoamericana, 1981.Celestino, O., “Confréries religieuses, noblesse indienne et économie agraire”, L’Homme, 1992, vol. 32, n. 122-124, pp. 99-113.Châtellier Louis, L’Europe des dévots, Paris, Flammarion, 1987.Christian, W., Religiosidad local en la España de Felipe II, Madrid, Nerea, 1991.Christin, O., Confesser sa foi. Conflits confessionnels et identités religieuses dans l’Europe moderne (XVIe-XVIIe siècles), Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2009.Christin, O., La paix de religion: l’autonomisation de la raison politique au XVIe siècle, Paris, Seuil, 1997.Clavero, B., Antidora: Antropología católica de la economía moderna, Milan, Giuffrè, 1991.Cobo Betancourt, “Los caciques muiscas y el patrocinio de lo sagrado en el Nuevo Reino de Granada”, en A. Maldavsky y R. Di Stefano (eds.), Invertir en lo sagrado: salvación y dominación territorial en América y Europa (siglos XVI-XX), Santa Rosa, EdUNLPam, 2018, cap. 1, mobi.Colmenares, G., Haciendas de los jesuitas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVIII, Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1969.Comaroff, J. y Comaroff, J., Of Revelation and Revolution. Vol. 1, Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991.Costeloe, M. P., Church wealth in Mexico: a study of the “Juzgado de Capellanias” in the archbishopric of Mexico 1800-1856, London, Cambridge University Press, 1967.Croq, L. y Garrioch, D., La religion vécue. Les laïcs dans l’Europe moderne, Rennes, PUR, 2013.Cushner, N. P., Farm and Factory: The Jesuits and the development of Agrarian Capitalism in Colonial Quito, 1600-1767, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1982.Cushner, N. P., Jesuit Ranches and the Agrarian Development of Colonial Argentina, 1650-1767, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1983.Cushner, N. P., Why have we come here? The Jesuits and the First Evangelization of Native America, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006.De Boer, W., La conquista dell’anima, Turin, Einaudi, 2004.De Certeau M., “La beauté du mort : le concept de ‘culture populaire’», Politique aujourd’hui, décembre 1970, pp. 3-23.De Certeau, M., L’invention du quotidien. T. 1. Arts de Faire, Paris, Gallimard, 1990.De la Puente Brunke, J., Encomienda y encomenderos en el Perú. Estudio social y político de una institución, Sevilla, Diputación provincial de Sevilla, 1992.Del Río M., “Riquezas y poder: las restituciones a los indios del repartimiento de Paria”, en T. Bouysse-Cassagne (ed.), Saberes y Memorias en los Andes. In memoriam Thierry Saignes, Paris, IHEAL-IFEA, 1997, pp. 261-278.Van Deusen, N. E., Between the sacred and the worldly: the institutional and cultural practice of recogimiento in Colonial Lima, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2001.Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, 1937, s.v. “Restitution”.Durkheim, É., Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1960 [1912].Duviols, P. La lutte contre les religions autochtones dans le Pérou colonial: l’extirpation de l’idolâtrie entre 1532 et 1660, Lima, IFEA, 1971.Espinoza, Augusto, “De Guerras y de Dagas: crédito y parentesco en una familia limeña del siglo XVII”, Histórica, XXXVII.1 (2013), pp. 7-56.Estenssoro Fuchs, J.-C., Del paganismo a la santidad: la incorporación de los Indios del Perú al catolicismo, 1532-1750, Lima, IFEA, 2003.Fontaine, L., L’économie morale: pauvreté, crédit et confiance dans l’Europe préindustrielle, Paris, Gallimard, 2008.Froeschlé-Chopard, M.-H., La Religion populaire en Provence orientale au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Beauchesne, 1980.Glave, L. M., De rosa y espinas: economía, sociedad y mentalidades andinas, siglo XVII. Lima, IEP, BCRP, 1998.Godelier, M., L’énigme du don, Paris, Fayard, 1997.Goffman, E., Encounters: two studies in the sociology of interaction, MansfieldCentre, Martino publishing, 2013.Grosse, C., “La ‘religion populaire’. L’invention d’un nouvel horizon de l’altérité religieuse à l’époque moderne», en Prescendi, F. y Volokhine, Y (eds.), Dans le laboratoire de l’historien des religions. Mélanges offerts à Philippe Borgeaud, Genève, Labor et fides, 2011, pp. 104-122.Grosse, C., “Le ‘tournant culturel’ de l’histoire ‘religieuse’ et ‘ecclésiastique’», Histoire, monde et cultures religieuses, 26 (2013), pp. 75-94.Hall, S., “Cultural studies and its Theoretical Legacy”, en Grossberg, L., Nelson, C. y Treichler, P. (eds.), Cultural Studies, New York, Routledge, 1986, pp. 277-294.Horne, J., “Démobilisations culturelles après la Grande Guerre”, 14-18, Aujourd’hui, Today, Heute, Paris, Éditions Noésis, mai 2002, pp. 45-5.Iogna-Prat, D., “Sacré’ sacré ou l’histoire d’un substantif qui a d’abord été un qualificatif”, en Souza, M. de, Peters-Custot, A. y Romanacce, F.-X., Le sacré dans tous ses états: catégories du vocabulaire religieux et sociétés, de l’Antiquité à nos jours, Saint-Étienne, Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2012, pp. 359-367.Iogna-Prat, D., Cité de Dieu. Cité des hommes. L’Église et l’architecture de la société, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2016.Kalifa, D., “Les historiens français et ‘le populaire’», Hermès, 42, 2005, pp. 54-59.Knowlton, R. J., “Chaplaincies and the Mexican Reform”, The Hispanic American Historical Review, 48.3 (1968), pp. 421-443.Lamana, G., Domination without Dominance: Inca-Spanish Encounters in Early Colonial Peru, Durham, Duke University Press, 2008.Las Casas B. de, Aqui se contienen unos avisos y reglas para los que oyeren confessiones de los Españoles que son o han sido en cargo a los indios de las Indias del mas Océano (Sevilla : Sebastián Trujillo, 1552). Edición moderna en Las Casas B. de, Obras escogidas, t. V, Opusculos, cartas y memoriales, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, 1958, pp. 235-249.Lavenia, V., L’infamia e il perdono: tributi, pene e confessione nella teologia morale della prima età moderna, Bologne, Il Mulino, 2004.Lempérière, A., Entre Dieu et le Roi, la République: Mexico, XVIe-XIXe siècle, Paris, les Belles Lettres, 2004.Lenoble, C., L’exercice de la pauvreté: économie et religion chez les franciscains d’Avignon (XIIIe-XVe siècle), Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2013.León Portilla, M., Visión de los vencidos: relaciones indígenas de la conquista, México, Universidad nacional autónoma, 1959.Levaggi, A., Las capellanías en la argentina: estudio histórico-jurídico, Buenos Aires, Facultad de derecho y ciencias sociales U. B. A., Instituto de investigaciones Jurídicas y sociales Ambrosio L. Gioja, 1992.Lohmann Villena, G., “La restitución por conquistadores y encomenderos: un aspecto de la incidencia lascasiana en el Perú”, Anuario de Estudios americanos 23 (1966) 21-89.Luna, P., El tránsito de la Buenamuerte por Lima. Auge y declive de una orden religiosa azucarera, siglos XVIII y XIX, Francfort, Universidad de navarra-Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2017.Macera, P., Instrucciones para el manejo de las haciendas jesuitas del Perú (ss. XVII-XVIII), Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1966.Málaga Medina, A., “Los corregimientos de Arequipa. Siglo XVI”, Histórica, n. 1, 1975, pp. 47-85.Maldavsky, A., “Encomenderos, indios y religiosos en la región de Arequipa (siglo XVI): restitución y formación de un territorio cristiano y señoril”, en A. Maldavsky yR. Di Stefano (eds.), Invertir en lo sagrado: salvación y dominación territorial en América y Europa (siglos XVI-XX), Santa Rosa, EdUNLPam, 2018, cap. 3, mobi.Maldavsky, A., “Finances missionnaires et salut des laïcs. La donation de Juan Clemente de Fuentes, marchand des Andes, à la Compagnie de Jésus au milieu du XVIIe siècle”, ASSR, publicación prevista en 2020.Maldavsky, A., “Giving for the Mission: The Encomenderos and Christian Space in the Andes of the Late Sixteenth Century”, en Boer W., Maldavsky A., Marcocci G. y Pavan I. (eds.), Space and Conversion in Global Perspective, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2014, pp. 260-284.Maldavsky, A., “Teología moral, restitución y sociedad colonial en los Andes en el siglo XVI”, Revista portuguesa de teología, en prensa, 2019.Margairaz, D., Minard, P., “Le marché dans son histoire”, Revue de synthèse, 2006/2, pp. 241-252.Martínez López-Cano, M. del P., Speckman Guerra, E., Wobeser, G. von (eds.) La Iglesia y sus bienes: de la amortización a la nacionalización, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 2004.Mauss, M., “Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l’échange dans les sociétés archaïques (1923-1924)”, en Mauss, M., Sociologie et anthropologie, Paris, Presses universitaire de France, 1950, pp. 145-279.Mendoza, D. de, Chronica de la Provincia de San Antonio de los Charcas, Madrid, s.-e., 1665.Mills K., Idolatry and its Enemies. Colonial andean religion and extirpation, 1640-1750, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1997.Mörner, M., The Political and Economic Activities of the Jesuits in the La Plata Region: The Hapsburg Era, Stockholm, Library and Institute of Ibero-American Studies, 1953.Morales Padrón, F., Teoría y leyes de la conquista, Madrid, Ediciones Cultura Hispánica del Centro Iberoamericano de Cooperación, 1979.“Nuevos avances en el estudio de las reducciones toledanas”, Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology, 39(1), 2014, pp. 123-167.O’Gorman, E., Destierro de sombras: luz en el origen de la imagen y culto de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Tepeyac, México, Universidad nacional autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 1986.Pompa, C., Religião como tradução: Missionários, Tupi e Tapuia no Brasil colonial, São Paulo, ANPOCS, 2003.Prodi, P. Una historia de la justicia. De la pluralidad de fueros al dualismo moderno entre conciencia y derecho, Buenos Aires-Madrid, Katz, 2008.Ragon, P., “Entre religion métisse et christianisme baroque : les catholicités mexicaines, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles», Histoire, monde et cultures religieuses, 2008/1, n°5, pp. 15-36.Ragon, P., “Histoire et christianisation en Amérique espagnole», en Kouamé, Nathalie (éd.), Historiographies d’ailleurs: comment écrit-on l’histoire en dehors du monde occidental ?, Paris, Karthala, 2014, pp. 239-248.Ramos G., Muerte y conversión en los Andes, Lima, IFEA, IEP, 2010.Rodríguez, D., Por un lugar en el cielo. Juan Martínez Rengifo y su legado a los jesuitas, 1560-1592, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005.Romano, R., Les mécanismes de la conquête coloniale: les conquistadores, Paris, Flammarion, 1972.Saignes, T., “The Colonial Condition in the Quechua-Aymara Heartland (1570–1780)”, en Salomon, F. y Schwartz, S.(eds.), The Cambridge History of theNative Peoples of the Americas. Vol. 3, South America, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 58–137.Saignes, T., Caciques, tribute and migration in the Southern Andes: Indian society and the 17th century colonial order (Audiencia de Charcas), Londres, Inst. of Latin American Studies, 1985.Schmitt, J.-C., “‘Religion populaire’ et culture folklorique (note critique) [A propos de Etienne Delaruelle, La piété populaire au Moyen Age, avant- propos de Ph. Wolff, introduction par R. Manselli et André Vauchez] «, Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 31/5, 1976, pp. 941953.Schwaller, J. F., Origins of Church Wealth in Mexico. Ecclesiastical Revenues and Church Finances, 1523-1600, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico press, 1985.Spalding, K., Huarochirí, an Andean society under Inca and Spanish rule, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1984.Stern, S. J., Los pueblos indígenas del Perú y el desafío de la conquista española: Huamanga hasta 1640, Madrid, Alianza, 1986.Taylor, W. B., Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. Stanford University Press, 1996.Thomas, Y., “La valeur des choses. Le droit romain hors la religion”, Annales, Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 2002/T, 57 année, pp. 1431-1462.Thornton, J. K., Africa and Africans in the Formation of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680), New York, Cambridge University Press, 1998.Tibesar, A., Franciscan beginnings in colonial Peru, Washington, Academy of American Franciscan History, 1953.Tibesar A., “Instructions for the Confessors of Conquistadores Issued by the Archbishop of Lima in 1560”, The Americas 3, n. 4 (Apr. 1947), pp. 514-534.Todeschini, G., Richesse franciscaine: de la pauvreté volontaire à la société de marché, Lagrasse, Verdier, 2008.Toneatto, V., “La richesse des Franciscains. Autour du débat sur les rapports entre économie et religion au Moyen Âge”, Médiévales. Langues, Textes, Histoire 60, n. 60 (30 juin 2011), pp. 187202.Toneatto, V., Les banquiers du Seigneur: évêques et moines face à la richesse, IVe-début IXe siècle, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2012.Toquica Clavijo, M. C., A falta de oro: linaje, crédito y salvación, Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ministero de Cultura, Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia, 2008.Torre, A., “‘Faire communauté’. Confréries et localité dans une vallée du Piémont (XVIIe -XVIIIe siècle)”, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 2007/1 (año 62), pp. 101-135.Torre, A., “Politics Cloaked in Worship: State, Church and Local Power in Piedmont 1570-1770”, Past and Present, 134, 1992, pp. 42-92.Vargas Ugarte, R., “Archivo de la beneficencia del Cuzco”, Revista del Archivo Histórico del Cuzco, no. 4 (1953), pp. 105-106.Vauchez A., Les laïcs au Moyen Age. Pratiques et expériences religieuses, Paris, Cerf, 1987.Vincent, C., “Laïcs (Moyen Âge)”, en Levillain, P. (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la papauté, Paris, Fayard, 2003, pp. 993-995.Vincent, C., Les confréries médiévales dans le royaume de France: XIIIe-XVe siècle, Paris, A. Michel, 1994.Valle Pavón, G. del, Finanzas piadosas y redes de negocios. Los mercaderes de la ciudad de México ante la crisis de Nueva España, 1804-1808, México, Instituto Mora, Historia económica, 2012.Vovelle, M., Piété baroque et déchristianisation en Provence au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Plon, 1972.Wachtel, N., La Vision des vaincus: les Indiens du Pérou devant la Conquête espagnole, Paris, Gallimard, 1971.Wilde, G., Religión y poder en las misiones de guaraníes, Buenos Aires, Ed. Sb, 2009.Wobeser, G. von, El crédito eclesiástico en la Nueva España, siglo XVIII, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 1994.Wobeser, G. von, Vida eterna y preocupaciones terrenales. Las capellanías de misas en la Nueva España, 1600-1821, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2005.Zavala, S., La encomienda indiana, Madrid, Junta para ampliación de estudios e investigaciones científicas-Centro de estudios históricos, 1935.Zemon Davis, N., Essai sur le don dans la France du XVIe siècle, Paris, Seuil, 2003.

Abstract:

Vila PM, Zenga J, Fowler S, Jackson RS. Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated head and neck surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;157:580-588. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0194599817712215) This article was printed in the October 2017 issue with the third author, Susan Fowler, omitted. The online version of this article has been corrected to accurately reflect Susan Fowler’s authorship: Susan Fowler’s name was added as the third author in the byline and her affiliation was added to the footnotes (Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA). Her contributions have also been added to the Author Contributions section.

Abstract:

Abstract This article investigates the first documented performance of a Plautine comedy in Latin in the USA. In 1884, The Ladies’ Literary Society of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, staged Plautus’ Rudens in Latin with an all-female cast. This performance offers a unique opportunity to analyse the Society’s understanding and interpretation of Plautus’ play as well as its adaptation for the nineteenth-century stage. Furthermore, the Society provided an English translation for its academic and especially its non-academic audience, evidence of how the Society dealt with the Plautine Latin text. Based on this translation and contemporary newspaper and journal articles, this article outlines the main characteristics of the Society’s adaptation. First, this production merits scrutiny in the historical context of staging ancient Greek and Roman plays in the USA during the late-nineteenth century, since the Society followed the trend, started by Harvard University’s staging of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus in 1881, of presenting ancient plays ‘authentically’. Nevertheless, the Society seems to have staged this Roman comedy as a feminist response to Harvard’s production of a Greek tragedy. Secondly, the Society modernised Plautus’ comedy by adding strong melodramatic elements, and thirdly, it reflected the contemporary socio-cultural context by alluding to current American concerns.